Last month it was reported that VanEck Vectors Junior Gold Miners ETF (NYSEARCA:GDXJ) had amassed $5.4 billion in assets, a level too large for its index. In order to avoid exceeding 20% ownership in a few of its holdings (which under Canadian rules would necessitate a takeover offer) and abide by IRS diversification requirements (which would jeopardize its preferential tax treatment), it was already deviating from its index, and by no small amount.
https://seekingalpha.com/article/4069535-happens-etf-gets-big-index